Hong Kong and the mainland of China (the Mainland) have maintained a close trading relationship with each other for many years. In the past decade, the Mainland was both Hong Kong’s largest destination of total exports of goods and supplier of imports of goods. On the other hand, Hong Kong has also played an important role in the external trade of the Mainland. This article analyses the performance and highlights the salient features of merchandise trade between Hong Kong and the Mainland during the period from 2010 to 2019.